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The Impact of Curved Nordic Walking Poles on Motion and Comfort: A Study by Université Grenoble Alpes

A research team from Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) — Nicolas Termoz, Elyott Depery, and Gabriel Lorenzi — has conducted a pioneering study exploring how the geometry of Nordic walking poles affects locomotion and user perception. Until now, scientific research on the discipline had mainly focused on comparing classic walking and Nordic walking or analyzing factors like energy expenditure, muscle activation, and running economy. No prior study had examined the concrete effects of an innovative pole geometry.

The emergence of MØNARC® curved poles, with their distinctive shape compared to traditional straight designs, opened up new scientific questions. Walkers, instructors, and clubs were keen to access objective data to evaluate the relevance of this innovation — and the UGA study now provides a rigorous and evidence-based perspective.
👉 monarc-nordic.com

A Rigorous Experimental Protocol

Eight experienced Nordic walkers (four women and four men, average age 64.5 years) participated in the study. Each walked more than 20 km per week, ensuring consistent technique. The tests took place on an athletics track under controlled conditions at two realistic walking speeds: 5 km/h and 6 km/h.

Each participant completed five 500-m sequences — walking with and without poles, at both speeds, using both straight and curved poles. The randomized order prevented fatigue bias. Researchers used audio pacing and distance markers to ensure steady speed.

Data collection was comprehensive:

  • Cardio and oxygen use (VO2) for metabolic load.

  • EMG sensors on nine key muscles to track upper and lower body engagement.

  • Xsens inertial sensors on poles, tibia, and back to analyze movement angles, cadence, push duration, amplitude, torso rotation, and vibration energy.

  • A subjective survey rated perceived effort, comfort, and enjoyment after each sequence.

Push Angles and Propulsion Mechanics

The first significant result concerns the push angle — the pole’s inclination relative to the ground during push-off. With straight poles, the average angle was 46°, compared to 33° with MØNARC® curved poles. This 13° difference shifts the force distribution: propulsion becomes more horizontal and less vertical, pushing the walker forward rather than upward.

Vector analysis showed that curved poles improved propulsion efficiency by 22%. Notably, this gain came without any extra physical effort, simply through better mechanical leverage. Experienced walkers reported smoother, more natural propulsion, aligned with Nordic walking’s original principle — a full-body yet fluid motion.

Reduced Vibrations: Comfort and Longevity

Another major finding is vibration reduction. Inertial sensors revealed a 22% reduction at 5 km/h and 26% at 6 km/h when using curved poles. Reduced vibrations translate directly to improved joint comfort and long-term health, as repetitive shocks are known to cause microtrauma in wrists, elbows, and shoulders.

By minimizing this strain, MØNARC® poles promote sustainable practice, even on hard surfaces like asphalt. Walkers frequently report that curved poles reduce fatigue, ease discomfort, and allow them to return to regular training — a clear sign of improved accessibility and longevity in Nordic walking.

Physiological Intensity and Muscle Activation

Metabolic measurements showed no significant difference in VO2 or heart rate between curved and straight poles. In other words, efficiency gains come without added energy cost. Nordic walking retains its balance between effectiveness and accessibility.

Electromyographic analysis revealed a subtle redistribution of muscle effort: slightly more activation in the upper body (biceps, triceps, deltoids, back) and slightly less in the lower limbs. This shift reflects a more balanced global muscle contribution, consistent with the holistic philosophy of Nordic walking.

Effort, Comfort, and Enjoyment

Subjectively, walkers reported less perceived effort at 5 km/h and greater comfort and enjoyment at 6 km/h when using curved poles. Researchers propose that the ergonomic design, smoother motion, and reduced vibration create a more pleasant, fluid experience — key factors for user satisfaction and long-term engagement.

Toward a Healthier, More Accessible Practice

Nordic walking has always been defined as a well-being and health-oriented activity — dynamic yet inclusive. The UGA study confirms that curved poles maintain that philosophy while enhancing propulsion efficiency, comfort, and user experience.

Conclusion and Future Perspectives

UGA’s research objectively demonstrates multiple benefits from using MØNARC® curved Nordic walking poles:

  • Push angle reduced by 13°, improving propulsion efficiency by +22%.

  • Vibrations reduced by 22–26%, enhancing comfort and joint protection.

  • More balanced muscle distribution and improved movement perception.

  • No change in physiological workload or oxygen consumption.

While the small sample limits statistical depth, the consistent trends strongly support the design’s benefits. Future studies may expand these findings across varied terrains and longer durations — but current evidence already positions curved poles as a meaningful evolution of the sport, combining biomechanics, comfort, and health.

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